Adam Mickiewicz's "Forefather’s Eve" in the theatres of Vilnius during the first half of the 20th century

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami Adomo Mickevičiaus Vėlinių interpretavimo atvejai XX a. pirmoje pusėje Vilniuje, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant spektaklio vaizdiniams aspektams, atkreipiant dėmesį į scenografų, dailininkų indėlį kuriant šio veikalo formas ir siekiant įprasminti poeto vizijas. Iki Antrojo pasaulinio karo Vėlinės Vilniuje buvo pastatytos septynis kartus, spektaklio meninės formos priklausė nuo XIX a. pabaigoje – XX a. pradžioje susiklosčiusio literatūrinio teatro tradicijos. Iš visų pastatymų Vilniuje labiausiai išsiskyrė paskutinysis, kurį sukūrė lenkų režisierius Leonas Schilleris ir dailininkas Andrzejus Pronaszka, siekęs meninės formos raiškumo, paprastumo ir simboliškumo, savo vaizdiniais pasiūlymais aktyviai dalyvavęs kuriant konceptualią plastinę spektaklio formą. Vėlinių pastatymai atspindi meninių principų modernizaciją, tačiau tuo pat metu – ir gana konservatyvų teatro žiūrovų požiūrį į menines naujoves, šio laikotarpio stereotipus, susidariusius įvaizdinant ir vertinant Adomo Mickevičiaus kūrybą.The paper discusses the tradition of the stage interpretations of Adam Mickiewicz’s poem Forefather’s Eve [Liryki lozańskie] that became established in Vilnius during the first half of the 20th century. The paper focuses on visual forms of production, and acknowledges the input of set designers who rendered this literary masterpiece and its poetic visions. During the period until the WWII, the play was produced six times, and the artistic forms of these productions changed according to the cultural situation of the times. However most of these productions were focused on recitations of the poem, development of the art of acting, and communication of the poet‘s philosophical ideas to the audience. Meanwhile other aspects of these productions, such as stage design and costumes, were mostly overlooked and rarely mentioned in critical reviews. In the context of all its productions, the last one presents the greatest interest because it was directed by the famous Polish theatre director Leon Schiller, and the stage design was created by the prominent Polish visual artist Andrzej Pronaszko. Before the premiere in Vilnius, this artistic tandem showed their production of Forefather’s Eve in Lvov (Ukraine), Warsaw (Poland) and Sofia (Bulgaria). Together with the photographs from the shows in Lvov and Warsaw, Pronaszko’s set design projects are now part of the collection in the Lithuanian National Museum of Art, and they allow us to better understand the concept of their production which was based on generalised artistic forms and their use of laconic symbolism. According to the artist‘s statements written decades after these premieres, the set designer took an active part in the creation of plastic forms and their meanings. However, the contemporaries of this production of Forefather’s Eve did not fully appreciate the artist‘s modern approach – their feedback was mostly based on stereotypes that dominated the reception of Mickiewicz‘s poetry in general and Forefather’s Eve in particular